Alfred Alexander Benitz (1859-1937) - Bio. 6

Spanish term	English explanation
Aguaciles	dragonflies.
Aguada	pool of drinking water; a well. [watering hole]
Aguaras	species of South American wolf.
Alaridos	Indian yells.
Alazán	sorrel horse.
Alazán overo	sorrel piebald.
Algarrobo	species of South American [spiny] tree.
Arnera	Brazilian tree with poisonous bark.
Arreo	harness.
Arroyo	stream or brook.
Asado	meat roasted on iron grill over open fire [grilled, BBQ].
Atropellar	wild rush. [bowl-over]
Bagual	wild horse.
Balsa	ferry.
Bota	boot.
Boyero	species of South American blackbird. [also: night-horse]
Bronco	untamed colt.
Calchaquis	tribe of Chaco Indians.
Camalotes	floating islands of trees, weeds or reeds.
Camión	truck or lorry.
Cañada	gully.
Capataz	foreman.
Carguero	pack-mule or pack-horse
Carne	meat.
Carne con cuero	meat roasted [grilled, BBQ] with hide.
Carnear	to butcher.
Carpinchos	species of South American wild hog [?, a.k.a.: capybara, a very large rodent - no pig].
Chajá	species of South American wild turkey [?, Southern Screamer - no turkey].
Chaparral	underbrush or scrub.
Charcos	puddle or small pool.
Charrúas	tribe of Uruguayan Indians.
Chiriguanos	tribe of Uruguayan Indians.
Chiqueta	a burrow.
Chivero	a goat pen.
Choretes	tribe of Chaco Indians.
Ciervo	species of South American stag [deer].
Colorado	red roan (usually referring to a horse).
Comisaria	police station.
Comisario	chief of police.
Corral	horse or cattle enclosure. [cattle-yards]
Delgado	thin or slender.
Diaquitas	tribe of Indians from northeastern Argentina.
Domar	to tame, or "break," speaking of horses.
Domador	one who tames or "breaks".
Entre pelado	type of piebald horse.
Espartillar	field of Esparto grass.
Esparto	species of rough grass or weed.
Espín	a thorny bush.
Estancia	a ranch or farm.
Estero	swamp or marsh.
Fiambre	cold meats.
Gainza	species of South American crane.
Gama	doe.
Garrapatas	a kind of leech [?, cattle tick - no leech].
Guasó	Jew-fish [also: thug].
Guasuncho	wild deer.
Isleta	islet.
Jabalí	South American wild boar.
Juntar	To gather or collect.
Laguna	Lake. [lagoon]
Lino	Linseed.
Maíz	Indian corn. [?, corn, maize]
Malón	Indian raid.
Mañada [manada]	Troop [herd] of horses [typically the herd of brood mares]. [See Spanglish below]
Masoar	To groom or rub down.
Matacas	Tribe of Chaco Indians.
Mate	Paraguayan herb or tea.
Mazorca	Maize stalk.
Monte	Wood or spinney.
Monte bajo	Wood of low trees.
Mulita	Armadillo [type of, small hairless]. [vs. the extinct giant Tatu Carreta - the shell alone of the specimen in Uncle Alfred’s collection measured approx. a meter long.]
Ñanduty	Paraguayan town famed for its lace.
Ñandú	Ostrich [South American rhea - no ostrich].
Ovalero	Species of South American bird. [not found in a modern bird book of Argentina]
Overo porcelana	Type of light piebald horse.
Pajonales	Thickets of Pampas grass.
Palmar	Palm grove.
Palenque	Hitching post [rail].
Pampas	South American plains.
Pampero	South [SW] gale from the Pampas.
Paso	Path or track. Trail. [also: pace, and mountain pass].
Patio	Courtyard.
Peste	Epidemic or disease.
Picana	[Cattle] Prod with long handle.
Pingo	A fine horse.
Pisadero	Treading pen for making mud bricks.
Poblar	To colonise.
Puestos	Shepherds' houses [?, estancia line houses].
Pulperia	Camp inn or store. [See Spanglish below]
Quebracho	Species of South American hard wood [iron-wood].
Quebrachales	Quebracho forest.
Ramada	Horse shelter. [?, shed roofed with branches]
Rastrillo	Harrow.
Recado	South American saddle.
Recorrer	Retrace [?, to ride through the estancia fields checking the condition of the fields and the cattle in them].
Redomón	Half-tamed horse.
Revisar	To revise [to review, same as Recorrer above; see Spanglish below].
Rinconada	Corner [in geographical terms].
Rodar	To fall.
Rosada	Pinkish roan or shade of pink.
Rodeo	Round up [or a herd, or all cattle in total on an estancia].
Sanjón	Large drain [ditch].
Seca	Drought.
Tacurusal	High ant-hill belonging to species of huge South American ant.
Tajamar	Groin or cutwater near pier [?, Dam to catch rain run-off, used to water cattle or irrigate farm fields - no piers on an estancia].
Tambo	Dairy.
Tarde	Late. afternoon.
Tobas	Tribe of Chaco Indians who paint their faces.
Toldos	Indian [shelter] wigwams.
Tordillo	Grey horse.
Trigo	Wheat.
Tropilla	Troop [herd] of horses or cattle. [See Spanglish below]
Tucurusal	Bamboo thicket.
Tulipanes	Tulips.
Tuviano [tobiano]	Type of piebald horse.
Tuyuyu	Species of South American stork.
Urraca	Magpie. [name often misapplied to the "Pirincho", a cuckoo common to the pampas]
Vibora	Snake.
Yacaré	Alligator.
Yaguaron	Crocodile.
Yerba	Herb. [usually mate]

Spanglish	Spanish Root	English - as in UK or USA
camp (n)	campo	depending on context: countryside, farm, ranch [estancia]
podrid	podrido	putrid
revise (v)	revisar	to review or to check the condition of stock or fields on an estancia
troop (n)	tropa	a herd of cattle
troop (v)	tropear	to herd cattle or other livestock

Figure	Title	Chapter
1	Movements of the Benitz family 1832-1874 (map)	1
2	Wm. Benitz certificate "Society of California Pioneers"	1
3	Society of California Pioneers - card	1
4	Old Fort Ross, as seen from the Hill	2
5	Fort Ross, California (Chapel)	2
6	Russian Bastion at Fort Ross	2
7	Well’s Fargo Express, 1850	2
8	The Kolmer Ranch, Sonoma	2
9	Newspaper cutting from the "The Call" of December 22^nd, 1873 (performance of "William Tell")	4
10	The family estancia house (La California)	13
11	A camp scene (La California)	13
12	Camp Monte Aguara	14
13	Interrupted Siesta - Monte Aguaro	14
14	Calchaqui - La Vuelta - Saturday Evening	14
15	Camp at Isleta de los Mosquitos - Sundown	14
16	Passing Arroyo de Las Conchas	14
17	Pleasure? Tabanos, Moscas Bravas, Mosquitos…	14
18	9^th Mounted Infantry on their way to hunt Indians	16
19	Plan of Indian encampment during Indian hunt	16
20	Part of "El Bermejo"estancia	19
21	A typical "vivienda"	19
22	Branding cattle	19
23	A close of the branding	19
24	Don Alfredo with one of his faithful henchmen	20
25	Don Alfredo and his Percherons	19
26	Mells Manor House and Church, Somerset	19
--	Family Tree (up to 1935)	4
--	Route of Alfred’s first herd, April 1884 (Map)	15